The project examines the potential impact Scotland’s upcoming agricultural reforms could have on plant health. As part of the Scottish Government’s commitment to achieving net-zero agriculture by 2045, whilst restoring and regenerating biodiversity, farmers will be supported to adopt measures that aim to restore nature, increase business efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which includes regenerative farming practices. However, potential unintended consequences of new practices on plant health remain unclear.

The study assessed scientific evidence, regulatory implications, and farmer perceptions through a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) and surveys. Findings revealed that the impact of reform measures on plant health varies by crop, location, and environmental conditions. While some practices, like crop rotation, were viewed as largely beneficial, others, such as reduced tillage and cover cropping, raised concerns about increased weed and disease risks.

Despite mixed results, no major plant health threats were identified, or regulatory changes suggested. However, continued monitoring and additional research on pest and disease pressures are recommended. Farmer education and best-practice guidance creation should be undertaken or enhanced to minimise plant health risks.

Overall, while the reforms introduce complex interactions, there is no evidence that they present significant plant health risks. Maintaining routine monitoring and funding further research will be essential in mitigating any emerging issues while supporting Scotland’s broader environmental goals.