This project investigates the biosecurity risks associated with firewood movement in Scotland, a potential pathway for the introduction and spread of plant pests and pathogens to new areas. There are international examples where destructive pests, including the emerald ash borer and Asian longhorn beetle, have been spread through firewood transport, posing a serious threat to native tree species, forestry, and historic tree collections. Despite existing plant health regulations, such as the Statutory Firewood Notification Scheme, there may be limited awareness among firewood distributors about emerging pest threats. Given the potential risks to Scotland’s commercial and native forests, including remaining uninfected elm populations, this research aims to map firewood trade networks, assess biosecurity vulnerabilities, and provide actionable recommendations for risk mitigation.
The study will begin by mapping stakeholders in the firewood sector, including government bodies, transport authorities, and firewood suppliers. An online survey and interviews with major firewood suppliers will help assess domestic firewood movement and identify gaps in awareness and risk assessment. The project will also explore international best practices in firewood biosecurity through literature reviews and expert consultations, as well as analyse data from firewood import records to quantify the scale of international trade. Additionally, the research will evaluate treatment interventions such as heat treatment and steam sterilization to mitigate biosecurity risks. A component of the project is the creation of resources for and recommendations around a potential future public awareness campaign designed to educate stakeholders on the risks associated with firewood movement, drawing on successful international models.
By providing evidence-based recommendations, this research aims to strengthen firewood biosecurity measures, helping safeguard Scotland’s forests from invasive pests.

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